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K-12 Emergency Management Planning

Related Resources

Threat- and Hazard-Specific Annexes

The threat- and hazard-specific annexes describe the courses of action unique to particular threats and hazards. Courses of action already outlined in a functional annex need not be repeated in a threat- or hazard-specific annex. Develop these based on the prioritized list of threats and hazards determined in the assessment process. As planning teams develop courses of action for threats and hazards, they should consider the federal, state, and local regulations or mandates that often apply to specific threats and hazards.

If there is a functional annex that applies to one of the threat- or hazard-specific annexes, the latter will include it by reference. For example, if a “during” course of action for a fire hazard involves evacuation, and there is an Evacuation Annex, the Fire Annex would indicate “see Evacuation Annex” in the “during” course of action section rather than repeat the evacuation courses of action in the Fire Annex.

Threat and Hazard Types and Examples

TYPE	Examples
Natural Hazards	Earthquakes Tornadoes Lightning Severe wind Hurricanes Floods Wildfires Extreme temperatures Landslides or mudslides Tsunamis Volcanic eruptions Winter precipitation
Technological Hazards	Explosions or accidental release of toxins from industrial plants Accidental release of hazardous materials from within the school, such as gas leaks or laboratory spills Hazardous materials releases from major highways or railroads Radiological releases from nuclear power stations Dam failure Power failure Water failure
Biological Hazards	Infectious diseases (pandemic influenza, tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, meningitis, etc.) Contaminated food outbreaks: (Salmonella, botulism, E. coli, etc.) Toxic materials present in school laboratories
Adversarial, Incidental, & Human-caused Threats	Fire Active shooters Criminal threats or actions Gang violence Bomb threats Domestic violence and abuse Cyber attacks Dangerous animals Suicide Kidnapping, missing student Bus accident Riot/Student demonstration

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